No Author, Date, or Title in APA Style | Formats & Examples
Webpage citations in APA Style consist of five components: author, publication date, title, website name, and URL.
Unfortunately, some of these components are sometimes missing. For instance, there may be no author or publication date. This article explains how to handle different kinds and combinations of missing information.
| What’s missing? | Solution |
|---|---|
| Nothing | – |
| No author | Use title in place of author. |
| No date | Use “n.d.” (“no date”) in place of date. |
| No title | Describe the source in brackets. |
| No author or date | Use title in place of author; use “n.d.” in place of date. |
| No author or title | Use bracketed description in place of author. |
| No date or title | Use “n.d.” in place of date; describe the source in brackets. |
| No author, date, or title | Use bracketed description in place of author; use “n.d.” in place of date. |
Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr
Basic webpage citation format
You can explore the basic citation format for a webpage using the example generator below.
No author
| APA format | Page title. (Year, Month Day). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | APA citation guidelines. (2020, October 30). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | (APA Citation Guidelines, 2020) |
No date
| APA format | Last name, Initials. (n.d.). Page title. Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | Streefkerk, R. (n.d.). APA citation guidelines. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | (Streefkerk, n.d.) |
No title
| APA format | Last name, Initials. (Year, Month Day). [Description of page]. Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | Streefkerk, R. (2020, October 30). [Article about APA citations]. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | (Streefkerk, 2020) |
No author or date
| APA format | Page title. (n.d.). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | APA citation guidelines (n.d.). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | (APA Citation Guidelines, n.d.) |
No author or title
| APA format | [Description of page]. (Year, Month Day). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | [Article about APA citations]. (2020, October 30). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | ([Article about APA citations], 2020) |
No date or title
| APA format | Last name, initials. (n.d.). [Description of page]. Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | Streefkerk, R. (n.d.). [Article about APA citations]. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | (Streefkerk, n.d.) |
No author, date, or title
| APA format | [Description of page]. (n.d.). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| APA reference entry | [Article about APA citations]. (n.d.). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ |
| APA in-text citation | ([Article about APA citations], n.d.) |
Don’t forget: Our APA Citation Generator can handle all of these exceptions for you automatically!
Try the APA Citation Generator
Sources in this article
We strongly encourage students to use sources in their work. You can cite our article (APA Style) or take a deep dive into the articles below.
This Scribbr articleCaulfield, J. (June 16, 2022). No Author, Date, or Title in APA Style | Formats & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved October 17, 2022, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/citing-online-sources-no-author-date-title/
